Aneurysms - Free Essay Example

To begin with, the word aneurysm derives from the Latin word â€Å"aneurysma. † In Latin â€Å"aneurysma† means dilation and dilation means that act of expanding. From this, it is easier to figure out what an aneurysm really is. The definition of the English word aneurysm means, blood-filled dilation of a blood vessel. There are several different types of aneurysm, but this report will only cover a cerebral one. Intracranial aneurysms are classified as dissecting, saccular, and fusiform. There are many causes of intracranial aneurysms. Some of the most common causes would include fibromuscular dysphasia, atherosclerosis, and arteriovenous malformation. Some that are less common, but do occur would include drugs, infection, and trauma. Dissecting aneurysms occur when blood enters a vessel wall through a rupture in the intima, which is the inner lining of vein or artery. The damage in dissecting aneurysms varies greatly depending on the damage it has already caused. Th ese are the weakest aneurysms, because they don’t leave the premises of the parent vessel. There are cases were dissecting aneurysms cause great damage, but it is highly unlikely. Aneurysms that fall into this category are mostly caused by trauma to the head. Most of the time when this occurs damage is caused to the extracranial region of the brain. These are the rarest among all the other aneurysms and only would be caused by a severe head injury. Fusiform aneurysms are also called atherosclerotic aneurysms, because of the condition atherosclerosis, which is when plaque builds up in the artery walls. Fusiform aneurysm effect mostly the older population. The effects usually pertain to the vertebrobasilar system, which is the system the contains vertebral and basilar arteries. The aneurysm itself effects the tissues of the brain stem. A rupture may cause a brainstem infarction, in which tissues of the stem are destroyed. That causes the midbrain, medulla and the pons to shut down. Fustiform aneurysm are severe and most likely to be fatal if not identified. They are easily found, because the cause severe erosion at the base of the cranium. Saccular aneurysms are the most common and are easily identified because of the berrylike sacs on the veins or arteries. They are caused by weakness in the vessel wall layers. The sac itself grows from the intima and adventitia of an vessel. When this occurs abnormal hemodynamic pressure on the cerebral arteries causes rupture. Saccular aneurysm can be caused by infections, tumors, or drugs. Aneurysms occur to people in their early forties to their late fifties. Most aneurysms occur to people that are around age sixty. Intracranial aneurysms are rare to children and only account for 2% of the total aneurysms. The younger the patient with an intracranial aneurysm the larger the sac. Location is a big part in classifying the type of aneurysm. About 86. 5% of all intracranial aneurysms occurs in the carotid reg ion. The pieces all fall to place when using the Hunt and Hess scale, which measures the current status of the expansion. There is a grade 0 to grade 5 scale. Zero is a non ruptured aneurysm and 5 is basically the point were there is not much doctors can do to make the patient live. Vasospasm is the term used when a constriction of a vein or artery occurs. It is also the cause of death when an aneurysm occurs. More than 50% of all surviving patients that get an intracranial aneurysm have neurological defects. Treatment is wonderful when treating intracranial aneurysm. The most common approach is surgery, because blood clots can occur and stop the circulation in the brain. First the surgeon must remove a small portion of the skull and the starts to spread the brain tissues then cuts off circulation in the aneurysm with a tiny clip. Then the procedure is over when the brain tissues are put back into place and the cranial bone is put back. Another type of surgery to prevent a rup ture involves a small plastic tube that is inserted into the femoral artery. The tube goes through the vascular system into the head and finally into the aneurysm. Then coils are tightened around the aneurysm to prevent rupture. More than 125,000 people have had this procedure worldwide.

Take Notes on the National Honor Society Essay

Take Notes on the National Honor Society EssayThe National Honor Society is often viewed as a safe haven for students wishing to take honors classes. While that is certainly true, there are other, less positive, sides to this small honor society. This article will help you identify the characteristics of the National Honor Society, as well as the characteristics of the similar honor societies on college campuses around the country. In so doing, you will learn how important it is to take notes on these organizations.Many college students are placed in certain organizations that do not benefit them in any way. If you wish to achieve success at your college or university, you will need to dedicate yourself to the ideals of the organization. Some students become involved with organizations because they have to. There are some students who do this in order to be accepted into certain colleges or universities.Many organizations in the country have a wide variety of rules, regulations, and policies. Although many students do not realize it, many colleges and universities are not actually interested in helping their students achieve their goals. Rather, they are looking for a reason to expel the student. While the students may be expelled from the college, the college will not help the student to advance their career or education, so the only alternative is to become a member of an organization like the National Honor Society.It is important to remember that all of the organizations that are large on campus do not mean that they are perfect. Many public service announcements are not shown on television. The commercials, sometimes more than 30 times per hour, are annoying. They are also annoying because most of the time, they do not have anything to do with the content of the commercial.At many colleges and universities, there are two different groups. The first group consists of students who are in the process of changing their life. These students should be passionate about the organization and about the academic goals that the organization is striving for. The second group is comprised of students who are already in a successful academic career.Some colleges have a policy where they will air all of the public service announcements they receive, but none of the advertisements that are aired by the various commercial companies. It is important to note that most advertising will not be included on a regular basis. Instead, it will be on a regular basis during the spring semester and the summer semester. Although most colleges that I have been to do not participate in this policy, most all of the advertising in our community has been aired on a regular basis. You should be aware of the reality that this does not always work out well for you, if you are not at a public college.The groups that are in place today for college students to improve their lives include the National Honor Society, the International Students' Association, the Intercollegiate Athletics Board, and the Delta Gamma Chapter of Delta Tau Delta. Each one of these organizations is a small but powerful force in the lives of college students. If you are serious about becoming a good student, they will help you accomplish that goal. However, you must be sure that you do not become a victim of these organizations, because they are often meant to be a safe haven for students.

Learning the Mandarin Chinese Tone System

The Mandarin language has a fundamental difference from Western languages: it is tonal. Tones are one of the biggest challenges for Mandarin learners, but their mastery is essential. Incorrect tones can make your spoken Mandarin difficult or impossible to understand, but using the correct tones will allow you to express yourself clearly. Mandarin tones are especially difficult for speakers of Western languages. English, for example, uses tones for inflection, but this is a very different usage from Mandarin. Rising tones in English often imply a question or sarcasm. Falling tones may be used for emphasis. Changing the tones of a Mandarin sentence, though, could completely change the meaning. Let’s take an example. Suppose you are reading a book and your brother (or sister or child) keeps on interrupting you. You are likely to become exasperated and say â€Å"I’m trying to read a book!† In English, this would be said with an emphatic falling tone at the end. But if you use a falling tone in Mandarin, the meaning completely changes. WÇ’ yà  o kà  n shÃ… « I want to read a book.WÇ’ yà  o kÇŽn shà ¹ I want to cut trees! The second version of this sentence would have your listeners scratching their heads. So practice your tones! They are essential for speaking and understanding Mandarin.

You Call That Progress - 1401 Words

You Call That Progress? Scientific research has often challenged boundaries of what people find necessary and oppositions to advancements in the field are mainly composed of fear—is nature being tested? Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein depicts Victor Frankenstein pushing the boundaries of nature in the name of science, when it seems like the world was not ready for such a creation. A college student today might remember growing up with Dolly the Sheep, the first successful cloned mammal. Dolly’s achievement received mixed criticism, including the fear of possible danger due to accessible cloning. More recently, scientific innovations such as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) or Designer Babies push people’s expectations of science and the†¦show more content†¦The Americans did not want to run a country like their predecessors and therefore pushed boundaries to protect the rights of their people. When the Constitution was put into place in 1787, they displayed their progre ss as a country, â€Å"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.† Following the American Revolution, the Enlightenment had reached France in 1789 when King Louis assembled the country’s three estates—the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners—to help address France’s problems. King Louis wanted to give the First and Second estate an advantage because they would keep their government running in his vision and keep the poor at the bottom rung. The Third Estate, wanting to see progress in their country’s government, were inspired by the Enlightenment philosophies and were planning for change. They formed the National Assembly, against the wishes of King Louis, an d soon developed into the French Revolution.Show MoreRelatedA Report On The Police Agency811 Words   |  4 Pagesconduct of their job. Examining whether or not to respond or to what call to respond to should not be determined by the location of the call for service, nor by the local government’s administrative officials. There are many ways that the police, fire, EMT, services are utilized for non-emergency calls when those calls should be prioritized in order to not have a unit available ready for the emergency call. Some of the inbound calls are partially diverted by way of the Computer Assisted Dispatch (CAD)Read MoreDifferences Between The And Of A Single Group1613 Words   |  7 Pagesclaims to include a possible solution to this problem. People should not see others as simply black, simply women, simply gay. 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Skills for LAND A1 2015 1 - 978 Words

Module: Unit 10: Skills for Land-based Outdoor and Adventurous Activities Tutor: Nick Young Assignment No: 1 of 1 Title: Land-based Outdoor and Adventurous Activities – The Knowledge, Risks, Participation, Review Development IV’d before Mark Wilson Date 22/4/13 issue by: IV’d: Date 16/4/15 Date 21/5/15 Issued: Due: Feedback Due: 11/6/15 Student Name: ................................................................. Assessment Criteria Outcome P M D R 1 P1 M1 X 2 P2 X X 3 P3 M2 D1 P4 M3 D2 4 P5 M4 X P6 X X This assignment is submitted as partial fulfilment of this unit. Please read the statement carefully and sign your name below: I†¦show more content†¦(P1, M1) Task 2 Carry out risk assessments for two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities. The assessments must cover the details of the risk, who might be affected, the likelihood of occurrence, the severity of the risk, a risk rating, controls and contingencies. (P2) Task 3 Describe the skills and techniques required for two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities. This should include details of personal technical abilities, technical skills particular to the activity, personal fitness, generic skills and advanced skills. To achieve M2, you must compare and contrast the skills and techniques required for two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities. – i.e. highlight their differences, similarities, difficulties etc. To achieve D1, you must evaluate the skills and techniques required to perform successfully in two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities. This requires an opinion, or judgement, on the relative difficulty of the selected activities. (P3, M2, D1) Task 4 Demonstrate the skills and techniques in two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities (with tutor support if needed). 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Compare and Contrast How the Cognitive-Behavioural and...

Word Count:1245 Compare and contrast how the cognitive-behavioural and person-centred models of counselling understand the person, and how these two approaches explain the psychological distress experienced by individuals. In Part 2, reflect on and write about which of the two models appeals most to you and why. In this assignment I will describe and explain how the cognitive-behavioural approach to counselling reflects behaviour as learned. I will explore how the cognitive-behavioural approach describes dysfunctional thinking as the cause of psychological distress. I intend to explore how the person-centred models of counselling describe the awareness and acceptance of self and how phenomenological thought processes explain†¦show more content†¦Person-centred therapists focus on phenomenological thinking. The therapist creates a congruent relationship with their client by allowing the client to take control and find solutions to their problems whilst the therapist empathises. (word count:54) The main theorist that believed in â€Å"non-directive† counselling was Rodgers (CR 1942). He stated that it was important to let the client explore their own problems and the counsellor was there to empathise, overcome incongruence and accept the client, this became known as the â€Å"core-conditions model† (Rodgers CR 1957). Rodgers suggested that incongruence happens due to â€Å"conditions of worth†, every child grown up with conditional or unconditional love from parents and distortions in the self-concept are caused by conditions of worth. Unresolved childhood issues cause dysfunctional internalized values making the client struggle to fulfil the ‘ideal-self’. Through a therapeutic relationship that encompasses the core-conditions model and the importance of empathy to create congruence, the client explores inner emotions and grows to receive internal actualization. Growth is achieved through therapeutic processes such as creating congruence and empathy. Gendlin (1967:75) described congruence as a process that requires a deliberate a ct of attention on the part of the counsellor. The client relies on the counsellor, who will create a relationship with the client throughShow MoreRelatedLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 PagesPeople’s Services (Adults’ Advanced Practice) 3978-52 600/0573/7 3978-53 600/0573/7 3978-54 600/0573/7 3978-55 3978-56 600/0573/7 600/0573/7 2 City Guilds Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) Contents 1 2 3 4 5 Unit 501 Unit 502 Unit 503 Unit 504 Introduction Centre requirements Delivering the qualification Assessment Units Use and develop systems that promote communicationRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth

Operations of Ward Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Operations of Ward Management. Answer: Introduction: The study deals with the operations of ward management in Yashoda hospital. This hospital is one of the renowned hospitals in India. The hospital has its headquarters in Hyderabad[1]. Starting from the background of the hospital, the various operations of ward management in the hospital is the part of the discussion. The objective of the ward management operations is to provide the best facility and patient care service. It includes providing patient centered care, provision of atmosphere that promotes quick healing and prevent infections, accidents and medical errors. The paper will discuss the operation strategy of the hospital, process layout, inventory management, material requirement planning and scheduling of the management activities. Ward management is important to ensure availability of adequate equipments and supplies. It helps to clear shortages, defects in the equipments, check supplies, and ensure safe handling of materials. Ward management is required for continuous improvement of the patient unit that includes orientation, comfort ability of the patient, food system, and patient care. The wardroom management is important for proper categorization of the wardrooms, allocation of rooms or beds to the patients, maintenance of the wardroom status, tracking of patient information and preparing discharge information and maintenance of the handover details[2]. Background of the hospital Dr. G. Surender Rao established Yashoda hospital in Hyderabad, in 1989. It has many branches in different parts of India. The hospital extends its services upto south Asia. This hospital has three independent branches. The total number of beds in the hospital is 1750 with three heart institutes. The employee strength is 2200, where 700 comprise of specialized doctors and 1500 comprise of nurses. Te hospital offers offer 24X7 services on emergency. The hospital is known for best quality patient care. As per the WEEK- NELSON survey of the best hospitals 2015, Yashoda hospitals rank number one in Hyderabad[3]. The hospital is an education hub and offers wide range of specialty courses in medical research and education. The hospital is attached with the college and the nursing school. The hospital has set a benchmark in 28 years[4]. It has efficiently used technology in patients management and for availability of necessary equipments in every ward room. The hospital provided excellent accommodation (rooms, beds, food and pharmacy). The hospital also has facility of standard private room, VIP suite (separate living and dining room etc), shared rooms (2 beds), standard private rooms, spacious intensive care units with special critical care beds. For convenience of the patients and visitors the hospitals provides 24 hours Automated Teller Machine[5]. Operation Strategy: Efficiency vs. Responsiveness of Yashoda Hospital: The main purpose of the operation strategy of the Yashoda hospital is to ensure that all the resources that are available with the organization are used in proper manner to provide full assistance to the patients. It is common for all healthcare organization to face the operational management challenge to deal with the issues of resource management and patient satisfaction. Effective operational management is one of the best ways that can help to improve upon the efficiency and responsiveness of the hospital towards the needs of the patients[6]. The overall efficiency of the operational activity of the Yashoda hospital has been improving due to the strict level of working protocol that the hospital follows. Moreover, being one of the top super-specialty hospitals of its region, it is essential for the hospital groups to provide efficient and high level of medical care with the help of 24/7 emergency medical service. In the recent days, few of the important issues that are encountered by the health care organization is due to the limited budget and increased cost of the healthcare, which are the matters of economic crisis in the hospitality industry. Application of the process flow solution is one of the best ways to manage with the operational activity of the hospital that has also helped to improve upon the reputation of the organization[7]. With the help of this process in the management activities, it is possible for the organization to reduce the overall time that is spent by individual patients for getting treatment. He nce, it can be said that with reduced time that is needed, it is possible for the organization to improve upon the overall responsive time. The efficiency of the organization also depends on its ability to deal with accurate needs of the patients. The Yashoda group has to control wide number of hospitals and has to manage the resource effectively that will help them to properly manage the resources and also hospital working staffs. Effective calculation methods has been applied that can ultimately help to improve upon the overall rate of profit for the organization. The model of process flow that is being incorporated that can ultimately help to deal with the process of increasing the efficiency of the hospital groups that can help them to make use of the recourses that are allocated to the organization[8]. The principal of Lean production is one of the effective techniques that the hospital applies in the healthcare department that can help to deal with the overall challenge of lower productivity within the centre. One of the effective processes of the dealing with that of the less variability and limited resources within the organization is to make use of the concepts related to the Just-in-time (JIT)[9]. With the help of this JIT principal, it is possible to improve upon the overall time that is needed to deal with the operational management activity. This can ultimately help to deal with the labor force that is needed in the overall management activity with the operational function[10]. One of the main factors that has allowed the Yashoda hospital group to be one of the most effective and improved healthcare organization of the region is due to the fact that they have less waiting time for the patient within the emergency department. This can ultimately help to improve upon the rate of patient flow within the organization. The overall time taken for discharge of the patient is also one of the essential components that can help to decide upon the efficiency and responsiveness of the hospital. Maintenance of the operation ward and schedule for the doctors Yashoda hospital currently has 15 specialist surgeons, who operate in the operation theater. The hospital also has five operation theaters. The hospital currently maintains a fixed schedule that helps them to deal with the pressure and the challenge of the work schedule that the management of the hospital maintains. Doctors Operation theater 1 Monday, Tuesday Operation theater 2 Monday, Thursday, Friday Operation theater 3 Tuesday and Thursday Operation theater 4 Saturday Operation theater 5 Wednesday Neurosurgeon Cardiac Surgeon Orthopedic Surgeon Nephrologists Gynecological Surgeon General Surgeon Thoracic surgeon Colon and Rectal Surgeon Gnat Chart Nurse Resource Management The purpose of the nursing resource management is to deal with the cost of the between the overall quality of staffing and the decisions that are being implemented within the ward of the hospital. It is possible to provide the best quality of nursing care for the Yashoda hospital with the help of proper allocation of the nursing resource. Nurse resource planning is an area of interest for management decisions and an appropriate model of resource planning would be required for achieving the desired quantity and quality of skilled personnel in the specific nurse job positions at the time they are needed. The Human Resource Planning model to be applied to Yashoda hospital would be based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Yashoda hospital can be affected by a number of social, economic and regulatory variables while undertaking resource allocation; these perspectives suggest that the use of a modeling methodology like AHP. The AHP model would yield priorities for factors and a human resource forecast of changes in demand and supply of nursing staff. The AHP is a flexible model that has been found to be effective in decision-making aand planning environments. It offers the ability to structure the issue in a hierarchal form as viewed by the decision makers. The method can be used for either objective or subjective ev aluation, permitting consideration of qualitative factors. AHP is known to be a structured method for organizing and analyzing decisions that are complex in nature. Once the hierarchy of nurses is built, the decision makers would systematically evaluate the different elements by undertaking a rigorous comparison. While making the comparisons, they would use the data for coming to a decision. The essence of this model is that human judgments can be used for undertaking the whole planning process[11]. It is essential for the hospital to plan for the resources that can be used for the efficient resources. In the context of the present days, the hospitals are effective while increasing the efficiency of the labor that can help them to reduce the overall cost and expenditure. The hospitals have also aimed to improve upon the nursing effective ability of the nursing labor that can be achieved by properly using the statistical records of the nurses. This can ultimately help them to allocate the duty of the nurses according to their past records and performance. The nursing cost and quality is one of the major issues that have been encountered by most of the hospitals in the recent days. Hence, with the use of the statistical model, which is a part of the quantitative model of nursing, it is possible to make optimum use of the resources. It can be also said in the context that most of the resources within the nursing department needs to have the ability to maintain the nursing staffs an d also the equipments that are needed within the hospital management[12]. Process Layout of Yashoda Hospital Being one of the reputed hospitals of the local region, it is important for the Yashoda hospital to use effective flow process that can help to reduce the overall time that is needed to complete the overall process of treatment. Soon after the patient gets admitted, the present working staff within the hospital will record all the medical data of the patient. The information related to the diagnosis of the patient can help the workers to decide upon the total time that will be needed to discharge of the patient. The patient is then kept under treatment, using the fixed protocol of system that is decided by the management groups of the hospital. After the patient is being admitted in the hospital, it is possible for the physicians conduct effective physical assessment and multidisciplinary history, which is done with the assistance of the nurse. The detail information related to the time of discharge of the patient is also kept within the record that also includes the information related to the decisions that are needed during the time of crisis. The final section of the process layout consists of the functional assessment that can help to decide upon the overall future plan for any particular patient depending upon their situation. The use of the AHP model is also one of the useful methods that have been adopted by the hospital to implement the crucial decisions taken from the side of the management. In order to implement the model, the hospital has to fix upon their organizational goal. This will help the hospital to select their leader or manager depending upon their individual experience. The decisions that are implemented by the hospital are done after careful consideration and consultation with all the members of the management. In order to have effective management system within the overall hospital, it is important to follow the hierarchical system of order to deal with the overall complex management system. The performance of each of the workers can also be evaluated with the help of the Analytic hierarchy process. The Yashoda Hospital has implemented the AHP model that has helped them to monitor the performance at all levels of the healthcare hospital. The model has also helped to suggest ways to impro ve the overall working capability at each level within the healthcare unit. As one of the patients is discharged early, it is subsequently possible for the hospital to provide admission for the subsequent patients and is thereby possible for the hospital to provide with effective healthcare service to the society. The protocol of the hospital also allow the patient to provide their feedback that can help to improve upon the overall service quality of the hospital service. Inventory Management of Yashoda Hospital The management of the Yashoda hospital uses the techquies of Just-in-time (JIT) methods that can help to deal with the overall customer demands and to improve upon the level of profit for the hospital. There are various parameters within the JIT that can help the hospital to optimize the overall cost effective ratio of incoming and to optimize the level of profit within the organization[13]. Purchasing cost: The cost of per bed is Rs. 10000 with the current purchasing methods and JIT purchasing. Ordering cost: The cost of per order is Rs. 15000 for both purchasing methods. Opportunity cost: The management of the hospital has decided upon the 10% rate of return of investment that can be applied for both capital and inventory purchases. This amount accounts for the minimum amount of requirement that is needed to be invested. This parameter is the measurement of overall cash flow of the hospital that can help to decide upon the profit level. Average inventory: This can be defined as the average inventory value that can be achieved within a certain period of time. Average inventory divided by 2 can help to calculate the overall inventory sales percentage that can be calculated under the principles of JIT. Carrying cost: This parameter includes the cost of insurance and storage of per unit of bed. Total carrying cost in this case is Rs. 1000 per unit. Total cost Current JIT Purchasing cost Cost Unit Rs. 10,000 100 Rs. 100,000 100,0000 Ordering cost Cost Order Rs. 15,000/order 100 Rs. 150,000 Rs. 15,000/order 1,000 Rs. 150,0000 Opportunity cost Cost Inventory 10% Rs. 10,000/ unit 100 Rs 160,000 10% Rs. 10,000/ unit 15 Rs. 160,000 Carrying cost Cost Inventory Rs. 1000/ unit Rs.1000 Rs 100,000 Rs 1000/unit Rs 100 Rs. 1,000 Total Cost Rs. 510,000 Rs. 436,000 Hence, it can be said that the overall cost JIT and with its application, it is possible or the hospital to save Rs.74, 000 in the overall expenditure. Safety stock management is also one of the important parts of the resource allocation that has helped the Yashoda Hospital to deal and fulfill the needs of the patients. The stocks that are maintained during the time of emergency can help in dealing with the critical cases. The method of LIFO (Last in First out) is one of the effective ways that has helped the hospital management to operate with the available resources that are available. With the help of the LIFO methods, the hospital is able to clear out their older stocks of medicine and thereby ensure that there is no loss of resources encountered by the hospital. Few of the important stocks that include the equipments and medicine needed during the time of emergency service at the hospital ward. Allocation of the bed for the patient is also one of the essential tasks that are decided upon by assessing the condition of the patient during the time of admission. There are over 500 general beds and almost 100 ICCU beds. It is important for the care workers and nurses to ensure all the beds are equipped with most of the essential equipments like oxygen and saline water supply. The following gnat chart has been uses to represent all forms of activities are the part of the nursing activities: Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Policy making Involvement of nurse in the formulation of the policies Strategic planning for allocation of nursing workforce Fixing of the duty hours of nurse Financing of the resources Nursing resource allocation Fixing up the medicinal resources Material requirement Planning Material requirement planning refers to the production planning,scheduling, andinventory control system. Material requirement planning can be conducted by hand however; in some cases, software system is used[14]. In short, it is the scientific technique to control the flow of the materials form their purchase to its use by patients or any other destination. It is the new concept in the health industry. It was developed during Second World War in USA[15]. This scientific technique helped to make excellent progress in productivity. This concept was introduced in India during sixties. This technique was proved to facilitate efficient patient care. Material planning in hospital is important as huge amount of money is invested on materials. Further, there is growing number of complex medical and non-medical items, lack of better availability, and maintenance of cod chains for vaccines[16]. Yashoda hospital conducts material requirement planning with the aim to ensure right quantity of supplies and of right quality at lowest possible cost. It intends to maintain a continuous supply of the hospital materials, ensure high inventory turnover, avoid wastage, and reduce the capital and recurring expenditure. A sample material planning is given below- For example the estimation of vaccines and logistics for pregnant women will include- The headcount of the pregnant women in the given ward multiplied by the total number of wards will give the total number of pregnant women. Knowing the annual target one can estimate the monthly target dividing by 12. The result can be multiplied by 2, to know the beneficiaries per month. The result can be multiplied with 1.33 and then dividing by 10 give the requirements for vaccine vial. The initial steps to identify the material requirements are- Identifying the required items- to ensure that the hospital have the essential drugs as mentioned in the WHOs guidelines. These drugs are considered indispensable for the health needs Estimation of demand- it includes estimating the future demand of a particular item. There may be a change or fluctuations in requirement. Estimating the future demand means to notice the time trend over period of two three years[17]. Purchase of required material as per the demand and procurement- Yashoda hospital has purchase policy that allows effective decision-making. Purchase procurement is the strategic activity for acquisition of materials for consumption and delivery of services. Yashoda hospital is engaged in centralised purchasing. It minimises the cost due to enabled quality control. Inspection and quality control for maintenance, repairs, and condemnation. The aim of inspection is to ensure compliance to the ISO standards of quality. The hospital purchases materials that bear such certification. It will eliminate the unethical practice of supplies. Goods are tested after the purchase and evaluated for its function. The role of the quality control inspector is to prepare a detailed material receipt note[18]. Appropriate storage of materials- The Yashoda hospital has several spacious rooms for separate storage of the medical and non-medical items. This place is free from rodents. All the drugs are arranged in alphabetical order. These drugs are then placed in the respective ward as per the patients condition and prescription. The Material requirement planning is based on the below given formulation. It is the optimal control problem. In the above given equation x refer to local inventory, (state) zthe order size- control, dis local demand, c is the variable order cots k is the fixed order costs, h is the local inventory holding costs and () is theHeaviside function[19]. Conclusion In the conclusion statement, it can be said that with the help of effective operational strategic management, it is possible for the Yashoda hospital to provide with effective healthcare service to the society. Th 3e effectiveness of the hospital groups is increased due to the fact that they are able to provide with swift service to the patient and their family. This also decreased the overall responsive time for the patient and they are able to discharge the patient in much shorter period of time. The hospital also follows a certain process protocol that helps them to ensure that the overall process of admission of the patient and their discharge can be done effectively so that the overall time of patient treatment can be reduced significantly. With the help of effective inventory planning and material requirement planning, it is possible for the hospital group to improve upon their business profit level. One of the most effective ways that the hospital applies in the inventory management is the process of Just-in-time that can help them to save money for the process of expenditure. References: "Critical Care At Yashoda Hospital."www.yashodahospitals.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 29 July 2017. 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Langabeer II, James R., and Jeffrey Helton.Health care operations management. Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2015. Motaghi, Monika, et al. "Optimization of Hospital Layout through the Application of Heuristic Technique (Diamond Algorithm) in Shafa Hospital (2009)."International Journal of Management and Business Research1.3 (2011): 133-138. Odell, Mandy. "Detection and management of the deteriorating ward patient: an evaluation of nursing practice."Journal of clinical nursing24.1-2 (2015): 173-182. Ptak, Carol, and Chad Smith.Orlicky's Material Requirements Planning 3/E. McGraw Hill Professional, 2011. Uthayakumar, R., and S. Priyan. "Pharmaceutical supply chain and inventory management strategies: optimization for a pharmaceutical company and a hospital."Operations Research for Health Care2.3 (2013): 52-64. Wagner, C., et al. 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